The first hydro power plants were put into operation back in 1955 – HPP Vlasina, followed by HPP Elektromorava (1954-1957). However, HPP Djerdap is considered to be the Queen of all hydro power plants.
Construction of HPP Djerdap 1 began as early as 1964, through joint investment of Yugoslavia and Romania. The first units were put into operation in 1970, and the whole plant was put into operation on 16 May, 1972. The basic activity of this hydro power plant is not only electric power production, but also operation of water locks in the Djerdap 1 and Djerdap 2 system.
HPP Djerdap 1 has two-level water locks (ships enter the chamber and then they are "led" into the end water level of the Danube at the chamber end). In terms of chamber dimensions, these water locks are among the largest ones in the world.
The construction of HPP Djerdap 2 officially began on 3 December 1977, and the first units were put into operation in 1985. This hydro power plant consists of: a power plant, water lock, spillway and non-spillway dam, as well as a dam crossing in the middle of which is the border between the two countries. The project allows a possibility for construction of a railroad across the dam.
- Economic Assosiation "HPP Djerdap", plc
- Economic Assosiation " HPPs Drinsko-limske" plc
The total capacity of sixteen hydro power plants with fifty hydro units is 2,835 MW, which makes almost 34 percent of EPS's total electric power potential.
PLACE AND ROLE OF HYDRO POWER PLANTS IN THE ELELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
The run-of- the river hydro power plants
Hydro PowerPlant Djerdap 1 has a comparatively small dynamic volume, but under the daily operation regime with two peaks and together with HPP Djerdap 2 as a compensating reservoir, it manages to place a major part of generation into the variable part of load diagram. The power plant is a storage plant, with short supply components and backing up ( water pipe-turbine-generator-discharge pipe ), which enables rapid change of load. The unit capacity is 175 MW.
HPP Djerdap 2 is virtually a compensating reservoir and most of its production is placed in the constant part of the load diagram. It cannot,therefore, take part in the system's load regulation. It is also limited by navigation requirements (Qmin =2000m3/s) and permitted water level oscillations of 60 cm at the mouth of the River Timok. The unit capacity is 27 MW.
HPPs Zvornik , Bajina Basta and Potpec are power plants with possibilities for daily and weekly water regulation, respectively ( Bajina Basta ). The smallest regulation possibilities are at HPP Zvornik, due to filled-in storage reservoir. By constructing plants on the section Zvornik - Bajina Basta, the variable operation problem of HPP Zvornik ( power plants in a sequence ) would be solved. This group of power plants may take part in the system's load regulation and may also take part in providing the rotating reserve, and they may therefore also use the seasonal regulated waters in the upstream storage reservoirs ( Piva, Uvac, Kokin Brod ).
HPP Ovcar Banya and Medjuvrsye (among the oldest plants) are, according to their characteristics, actually distribution plants. The size of the installed discharge (40m3/s ) compared to the available water pipe ( 34m3/s ), and particularly the sediment filling in the storage reservoir, practically define the production of these plants as a constant part of the load diagram.
Storage hydro power plants
Hydro Power Plants Limske ( Uvac , Kokin brod , Bistrica ) have an available large storage area and in that sense are a very flexible and widely used resource. They may be used practically for all purposes in the system, from regularly meeting the consumption in terms of energy and capacity, through all forms of reserves in the system ( also including the cold reserve ), up to load regulation in the system and seasonal water regulation. The long water pipe at HPP Bistrica prevents faster load changes, however the existing ones are sufficient.
HPPs on the River Vlasina, given a high degree of installed capacity ( Qi =18m3/s ) and volume of 107 miliona m3, are also plants with a wide spectre of application in the system. Given the performed repumping of waters ( PSP Lisina ), they may be used for all purposes in the electric power system, including cold reserve.
HPP Pirot with a useful volume of 130 miliona m3 and installed discharge of 42m3/s is also convenient for all system purposes. A somewhat longer tunnel reduces the velocity of load change, but does not jeopardise this power plant function ( load-frequency regulation).
Reversible hydro power plant
The Electric Power System of Serbia also possesses one specific plant, the reversible hydro power plant Bajina Basta. In the generator operation regime, this plant is practically a hydro power plant with all its advantages – characteristics. In pumped operation this plant has very rigid characteristics. The rate of efficiency of the pumping-turbining cycle is 0.73, which defines this entire plant as a consumer. Water inflow into the upper storage reservoir is insignificant in comparison to the pumped amount of water. These reasons call for rational use of this plant in the sense of the greatest possible commitment of capacity in generator operation in the shortest possible time. Commitment in pumped operation should be adjusted, as far as possible, to the load diagram shape, in the sense of increasing or possibly reducing it, or preventing spillways and facilitating technical minimums of thermal power plant units.
It may be said that, compared to a conventional hydro power plant, a reversible hydro power plant does not use a recoverable resource (apart from taking over spillways ). Therefore, there are no conveniences such as ¨free fuel¨, but it depends less on the hydrological conditions, and considerably more on the state of the thermal power plants' subsystem. The efficiency of storage volume (150 million m3 ; 190 GWh) classifies this plant in the list of very convenient and useful ones in terms of providing a part of cold reserve in the system.
Economic Assosiation "HPP Djerdap", plc
Hydro power plants units of Economic Assosaition "Hydro Power Plants Djerdap", plc with a total of 1,537 MW available capacity, make 18 percent of the total electric power potential of Serbia.
The production of 28 units and four HPPs which are subsidiaries of Economic Assosaition "Hydro Power Plants Djerdap", plc amounting to 7,365 GWh makes 21 percent of the total electric power production in EPS's system (or 67 percent of the total hydro potential of Serbia).
Generating plants are:
- HPP "Djerdap 1 – with 6 units – total capacity of 1,058 MW and electric power production of 5,489 GWh
HPP "Djerdap 1" is located on the main facility of the hydro-power and navigation system "Djerdap 1", 10 km upstream from Kladovo which means 943 km upstream from the mouth of the river Danube. The main fa-cility is symmetrical, with spillway-type dam in the middle of the Danube riverbed, a hydro-power plant and a navigation lock on both Yugoslav and Romanian sides. There is a road running across the top of the dam.
HPP Djerdap 1 has a relatively small volume of dynamic character, but through a daily operating regime with two peaks and HPP Djerdap 2 as a compensation reservoir, it manages to place a major production part into a variable portion of the load diagram. The power plant is a storage plant type and has short length water inflow and intake--generator-drainage structures, which enable a quick change of load. The generator is 175 MW.
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
1140 |
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
4800 |
m3 /s |
Type: |
branska |
|
1st synchronization: |
5.8.1970. |
|
2.Turbine |
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 |
Manufacturer: |
LMZ Lenjingrad |
|
Type: |
Kaplan (PL40-V-950) |
|
Installed capacity: |
194 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
71,5 |
o/min |
Gross head: |
35,4 |
m |
Rated head: |
17,5 |
m |
3.Generator |
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 |
Manufacturer: |
Elektrosila / R. Koncar |
|
Apperent power: |
190 |
MVA |
Active power: |
171 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,9 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
1 / 2 / 3 / |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
Available capacity: |
380/190/190 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
420/15,75/15,75 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
1380 |
106m3 |
- HPP "Djerdap II" – with 10 units – total capacity of 270 MW and electric power production of 1,504 GWh
HPP "Djerdap II" – with 10 units – total capacity of 270 MW and electric power production of 1,504 GWh
HPP Djerdap 2 is practically a compensation reservoir and the biggest part of production is placed into the constant portion of the load diagram. For that reason it has no possibility to take part in the system flow-rate regulation. It is also limited by the navigation requirements (Qmin =2000m3/s) and allowed oscillations of water levels (60 cm) at the mouth of the river Timok.
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
270 |
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
4200 |
m3/s |
Type: |
Run-of-river |
|
1st synchronization: |
12.12.1987. |
|
2.Turbine |
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 |
Manufacturer: |
LMZ Lenjingrad |
|
Type: |
Kaplan |
|
Installed capacity: |
28 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
62,5 |
o/min |
Gross head: |
11 |
m |
Rated head: |
2.5 |
m |
3.Generator |
3 / 4 / 5 / 6 1 / 2 / 7 / 8 9 / 10 |
Manufacturer: |
SGKV, SSSR R.Koncar |
Apperent power: |
27.55 |
MVA |
Active power: |
27 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,98 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 (rezerva) |
Manufacturer: |
Elektroputere - Krajova (Minel) |
|
Available capacity: |
63 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
123/6,3 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
716.5 |
106m3 |
- HPP "Pirot" – with 2 units – total capacity of 80 MW and electric power production of 87 GWh
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
80 |
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
45 |
m3 /s |
Type: |
HPP with reservoir |
|
1st synchronization: |
1990. |
|
2.Turbine |
1 / 2 |
Manufacturer: |
ckd, Blansko cSSR |
|
Type: |
Francis, vertikalna |
|
Installed capacity: |
41.5 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
500 |
o/min |
Gross head: |
243 |
m |
Rated head: |
180 |
m |
3.Generator |
1 / 2 |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
Apperent power: |
44.5 |
MVA |
Active power: |
40 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,9 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
1 / 2 |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
Available capacity: |
45 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
10,5/121 |
kV |
5.Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
180 |
106m3 |
Maximum energy output |
75 |
GWh |
- HPP "Vlasina" – with 10 units – total capacity of 129 MW and electric power production of 285 GWh
One of the most interesting hydro power plants is HPP "Vlasina" with a system of 4 storage hydro power plants which are set up in cascades from the Vlasina to Vladicin Han. The waters from Lake Vlasina, formed by construction of an earth dam on the River Vlasina, as well as the water from the catchment of the Bitvrdja, Romanovska and Masuricka rivers reach these hydro power plants through tunnels.
Within the scope of the Vlasina hydro power plants system, a large pumped-storage plant (PSP) "Lisina" was constructed on the mountain rivers Bozica and Lisina, the task of which is, to re-pump the waters, when necessary, from Lake Lisina into Lake Vlasina (which is the main storage reservoir of hydro power plants on the River Vlasina).
"Vrla 1"
Technical Characteristics:
Data for HP |
Capacity: |
50.1 |
|
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
18.32 |
|
m3/s |
Type: |
HPP with reservoir |
|
|
1st synchronization: |
10.07.1955. |
|
|
2.Turbine |
A / B |
C / D |
|
Manufacturer: |
Litostroj |
cKD |
|
Type: |
Pelton |
Pelton |
|
Nominal speed: |
600 |
|
o/min |
Installed capacity: |
11.94 |
14.52 |
MW |
Gross head: |
338 |
337.96 |
m |
Rated head: |
314 |
314.10 |
m |
3.Generator |
A / B |
C / D |
|
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
Skoda |
|
Apperent power: |
16 |
15.75 |
MVA |
Active power: |
11.2 |
14.15 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,8 |
0,9 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
A / B |
C / D |
|
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
Skoda |
|
Available capacity: |
16 |
16 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
121/6,3 |
121/6,3 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
165+7 |
|
106m3 |
Maximum energy output |
198 |
|
GWh |
"Vrla 2"
Technical Characteristics:
Data for HP |
Capacity: |
23.72 |
|
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
18.5 |
|
m3/s |
Type: |
HPP with reservoir |
|
|
1st synchronization: |
09.04.1954. |
|
|
2.Turbine |
A |
B |
|
Manufacturer: |
J.M.Voith |
cKD |
|
Type: |
Francis |
Francis |
|
Installed capacity: |
11.28 |
13.65 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
500 |
600 |
o/min |
Gross head: |
153.9 |
153.9 |
m |
Rated head: |
136.7 |
136.7 |
m |
3.Generator |
A |
B |
|
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
Skoda |
|
Apperent power: |
14 |
15.75 |
MVA |
Active power: |
10.75 |
13.3 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,8 |
0,9 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
A |
B |
|
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
Skoda |
|
Available capacity: |
16 |
14.5 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
121/6,3 |
121/6,3 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
0.1 |
106m3 |
"Vrla 3"
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
28.95 |
|
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
18 |
|
m3/s |
Type: |
HPP with reservoir |
|
|
1st synchronization: |
10.05.1975. |
|
|
2.Turbine |
A |
B |
|
Manufacturer: |
Litostroj |
cKD |
|
Type: |
Francis |
Francis |
|
Installed capacity: |
13.3 |
17.02 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
600 |
600 |
o/min |
Gross head: |
197.4 |
192.3 |
m |
Rated head: |
168.3 |
168.3 |
m |
3.Generator |
A |
B |
|
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
Skoda |
|
Apperent power: |
16 |
18.6 |
MVA |
Active power: |
12.8 |
16.6 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,8 |
0,9 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
A |
B |
|
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
Skoda |
|
Available capacity: |
16 |
17 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
121/6,3 |
121/6,3 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
- |
106m3 |
"Vrla 4"
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
24.75 |
|
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
18.4 |
|
m3 /s |
Type: |
HPP with reservoir |
|
|
1st synchronization: |
15.02.1958. |
|
|
2.Turbine |
A |
B |
|
Manufacturer: |
Litostroj |
cKD |
|
Type : |
Francis |
Francis |
|
Installed capacity: |
11.84 |
14.8 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
500 |
600 |
o/min |
Gross head: |
164.2 |
158.7 |
m |
Rated head: |
- |
146.0 |
m |
3.Generator |
A |
B |
|
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
Skoda |
|
Apperent power: |
14 |
15.75 |
MVA |
Active power: |
11.2 |
14.2 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,8 |
0,9 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
A |
B |
|
Manufacturer: |
Legrano |
Skoda |
|
Available capacity: |
14 |
14.5 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
36,75/6 |
37,5/6,3 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
0.103 |
106m3 |
Economic Assosiation "Hydro Power Plants Drinsko-Limske", plc
The subsidiaries of Economic Assosiation "Hydro Power Plants Drinsko-Limske", plc are:
- HPP Bajina Basta
- HPP Limske
- HPP Zvornik
- HPP Elektormorava
Units of Economic Assosiation "Hydro Power Plants Drinsko-Limske", plc with a total of 1,083 MW available capacity make 13 percent of the total electric power potential of Serbia.
Electric power production obtained in 14 units of this HPP in the amount of 2,937 GWh annually, makes 27 percent of the total production obtained in all hydro power plants, or 8.3 percent of the total production in EPS's system.
Generaing plants of subsidiary HPP Bajina Basta are:
HPP "Bajina Basta" – with 4 units – total available capacity 364 MW and electric power production of 1,819 GWh
HPP "Bajina Basta" in Perucac is the largest hydro-power facility ever built on the river Drina. A concrete dam 90 m high and 460 m long dammed the river. It is included in the system for secondary control of frequency and exchange power.
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
4x91,54 = 365,2 |
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
600 |
m3/s |
Type: |
Run-of-river |
|
1st synchronization: |
27.11.1966. |
|
2.Turbine |
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 |
Manufacturer: |
NOHAB |
|
Type : |
Francis |
|
Installed capacity: |
91.5 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
136,36 |
o /min |
Pad: maximum |
69.94 |
m |
minimum |
42.9 |
m |
3.Generator |
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
Apperent power: |
100 |
MVA |
Active power: |
96 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,95 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 (rezerva) |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar (Minel) |
|
Available capacity: |
100 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
15,65/242 |
kV/kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
340 |
106m3 |
RHPP "Bajina Basta" – with 2 units – total available capacity 614 MW and electric power production of 501 GWh
The energy system of Serbia has one specific plant, a pumped storage hydro power plant Bajina Basta. While operating with the generator, it is practically a hydro power plant with all relevant advantages-characteristics. While operating with pumps, it has a very rigid characteristics. The level of use of pump-turbine is 0.73, which defines this plant as a consumer. Water inflow in the upper storage reservoir is insignificant in comparison with the pumped quantities of water. These reasons cause a rational use of the plant in terms of its maximum engagement in operating with generator within the shortest possible time.
The engagement in operating with pumps should be adjusted as much as possible to the load diagram form, in terms of their increase and preventing a spillway, making it easier to place technical minimum of thermal power plant generating sets.
In comparison with the classic type of hydro power plant, the pumped storage plant does not use renewable resource (except for spillway acceptance). So, no "free fuel"advantage but this type of hydro power plant depends less on hydrological conditions and more on the status of subsystems of thermal power plants. Most of the useful storage volume (150 million m3 ;190 GWh) which make this plant very suitable for providing a part of cold reserve in the system.
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for PS HPP |
Capacity: |
- Turbine |
614 |
MW |
- Pumps |
616 |
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
- Turbine |
129,2 |
m3/s |
- Pumps |
104,4 |
m3/s |
1st synchronization: |
23.09.1982. |
|
2.1.Turbine |
1 / 2 |
- Manufacturer: |
Toshiba |
|
- Type: |
Francis |
|
- Installed capacity: |
315 |
MW |
- Gross head: |
609 |
m |
- Rated head: |
506,4 |
m |
- Nominal speed: |
429 |
o /min |
3.Generator |
1 / 2 |
- Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
- Apperent power: |
315 |
MVA |
- Active power: |
310 |
MW |
Power factor: |
- Generator |
0,95 |
|
- Engine |
1 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
1 / 2 |
- Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
- Available capacity: |
2 x 160 |
MVA |
- Volatge ratio: |
242/11 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
- Total reservoir volume: |
170 |
106m3 |
- Maximum energy output |
194 |
GWh |
Generaing plants of subsidiary HPP Limske are:
HPP "Uvac" – with 1 unit – total available capacity 36 MW
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
36 |
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
43 |
m3/s |
Type: |
HPP with reservoir |
|
1st synchronization: |
17.10.1979. |
|
2.Turbine |
1 |
Manufacturer: |
Litostroj |
|
Type : |
Francis |
|
Installed capacity: |
37.2 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
300 |
o/min |
Gross head: |
100 |
m |
Rated head: |
55 |
m |
3.Generator |
1 |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
Apperent power: |
40 |
MVA |
Active power: |
36 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,9 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
1 |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
Available capacity: |
40 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
123/10,5 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
213 |
106m3 |
Maximum energy output |
34 |
GWh |
HPP "Kokin Brod" – with 2 units – total available capacity 22 MW
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
22.5 |
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
37.4 |
m3/s |
Type: |
HPP with reservoir |
|
1st synchronization: |
23.03.1962. |
|
2.Turbine |
1 / 2 |
Manufacturer: |
Litostroj |
|
Type : |
Francis 1.45/230 |
|
Installed capacity: |
11.25 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
375 |
o/min |
Gross head: |
72.00 |
m |
Rated head: |
36.00 |
m |
3.Generator |
1 / 2 |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
Apperent power: |
12.5 |
MVA |
Active power: |
11.25 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,9 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
1 / 2 |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
Available capacity: |
12.5 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
121/6,3 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
250 |
106m3 |
Maximum energy output |
202 |
GWh |
HPP "Bistrica" – with 2 units – total available capacity 102 MW
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
104 |
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
36 |
m3/s |
Type: |
HPP with reservoir |
|
1st synchronization: |
01.02.1960. |
|
2.Turbine |
A (B) |
Manufacturer: |
Schormi - Litostroj |
|
Type : |
Francis F1950/100 |
|
Installed capacity: |
52 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
600 |
o/min |
Gross head : |
378.30 |
m |
Rated head: |
344.64 |
m |
3.Generator |
A B |
Manufacturer: |
Siemens R.Koncar |
|
Apperent power: |
54 |
MVA |
Active power: |
52 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,95 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
A / B |
Manufacturer: |
Marelli |
|
Available capacity: |
54 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
10,5/242 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
A / B |
Total reservoir volume: |
7.6 |
106m3 |
HPP "Potpec" – with 3 units – total available capacity 51 MW
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
52 |
|
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
165 |
|
m3 /s |
Type: |
Run-of-river |
|
|
1st synchronization: |
09.07.1967. |
|
|
2.Turbine |
1 / 2 |
3 |
|
Manufacturer: |
Voest |
Litostroj |
|
Type : |
F1, 9/300 |
Fransis S1, 9/300 |
|
Installed capacity: |
17,9 |
18,235 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
187,5 |
187,5 |
|
Gross head: |
38.4 |
|
m |
Rated head: |
37.6 |
|
m |
3.Generator |
1 / 2 / 3 |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
|
Apperent power: |
20 |
|
MVA |
Active power: |
18 |
|
MW |
Power factor: |
0,9 |
|
|
4. Generator Transformer |
1/2 |
3 |
|
Manufacturer: |
Elektrosrbija |
TUR |
|
Available capacity: |
20 |
20 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
36,75/8,8 121/8,8 |
121/8,8 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
27.5 |
106m3 |
Generaing plants of subsidiary HPP Zvornik are:
HPP Zvornik – with 4 units – total available capacity 92 MW and electric power production of 550 GWh
HPP "Zvornik" was built as the last plant in the middle course of the river Drina, 93 km from the mouth of the Drina into the Sava. This is a run-of-river hydro-power plant. The dam spanning the river contains two ma-chine rooms, one on the left, the other on the right bank of the river.
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
96 |
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
620 |
m3/s |
Type: |
Run-of-river |
|
1st synchronization: |
26.07.1955. |
|
2.Turbine |
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 |
Manufacturer: |
Voith - Litostroj |
|
Type : |
Kaplan |
|
Installed capacity: |
24 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
150 |
o/min |
Gross head: |
22.7 |
m |
Rated head: |
17.00 |
m |
3.Generator |
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
Apperent power: |
30 |
MVA |
Active power: |
24 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,8 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 |
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
|
Available capacity: |
31.5 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
121/11 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
89 |
106m3 |
Generaing plants of subsidiary HPP "Elektromorava" with 4 units – total available capacity 13 MW and electric power production of 67 GWh are: - HPP "Ovcar Banja" and HPP "Medjuvrsje" which are considered to be the oldest plants in EPS. According to their characteristics, they are virtually distribution plants.
HPP "Ovcar Banja"
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
5.8 |
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
40 |
m3/s |
Type: |
Run-of-river |
|
2.Turbine |
1 |
2 |
|
Manufacturer: |
Litostroj |
Litostroj |
|
Type : |
Kaplan |
Kaplan |
|
Nominal speed: |
375 |
300 |
|
Installed capacity: |
2.2 |
3.3 |
MW |
Gross head: |
20.0 |
20.0 |
m |
Rated head: |
16.5 |
16.5 |
m |
3.Generator |
1 |
2 |
|
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
R.Koncar |
|
Apperent power: |
3.2 |
5.6 |
MVA |
Active power: |
2.2 |
3.9 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,7 |
0,7 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
1 |
2 |
|
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
R.Koncar |
|
Available capacity: |
4 |
6.3 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
36,75/6,3 |
36,75/6,3 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
1.5 |
106m3 |
HPP "Medjuvrsje"
Technical Characteristics:
|
Unit |
1. Data for HP |
Capacity: |
7 |
|
MW |
Total installed flow discharge: |
40 |
|
m3 /s |
Type: |
Run-of-river |
|
|
1st synchronization: |
10.08.1957. |
|
|
2.Turbine |
1 |
2 |
|
Manufacturer: |
Litostroj |
Litostroj |
|
Type : |
Kaplan |
Kaplan |
|
Installed capacity: |
2.5 |
4.5 |
MW |
Nominal speed: |
375 |
300 |
o/min |
Gross head: |
22.5 |
22.5 |
m |
Rated head: |
16.5 |
16.5 |
m |
3.Generator |
1 |
2 |
|
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
R.Koncar |
|
Apperent power: |
3.2 |
5.6 |
MVA |
Active power: |
2.2 |
3.9 |
MW |
Power factor: |
0,7 |
0,7 |
|
4. Generator Transformer |
1 |
2 |
|
Manufacturer: |
R.Koncar |
R.Koncar |
|
Available capacity: |
4 |
6.3 |
MVA |
Volatge ratio: |
36,75/6,3 |
36,75/6,3 |
kV |
5. Hydrological data |
Total reservoir volume: |
13 |
106m3 |